Analisis Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Status Kesuburan Tanah Pada Perkebunan Pala di Kecamatan Wakorumba Utara Kabupaten Buton Utara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52166/agroteknologi.v9i1.9577Kata Kunci:
C organik, Inceptisol, Pala, Sifat KimiaAbstrak
Biji pala merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi bagi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan tanaman pala harus didukung dengan kondisi kesuburan tanah yang memadai. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis beberapa sifat kimia tanah dan status kesuburan tanah pada areal perkebunan pala di Kecamatan Wakorumba Utara, Kabupaten Buton Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanah Inceptisol yang terdiri dari sub ordo Endoaquepts dan Dystrudepts. Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk survey, dimana titik sampel ditetapkan secara sengaja (purposive) pada tiga titik yakni T1 di desa Wantulasi, T2 di desa Lansiwa dan T3 di desa Matalagi. Pada setiap titik diambil 5 subsampel pada kedalaman 0-60 cm kemudian dikompositkan menjadi satu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pH tanah bervariasi antara 6,7 hingga 7,3, C-organik sangat rendah sampai rendah (0,62-1,8%), P tersedia sangat rendah sampai rendah (4,06-9,06 mg/kg), K tersedia rendah (0,11-0,14 me 100 g⁻¹), KTK rendah sampai sangat tinggi (15,50-57,17 me 100 g⁻¹), KB sedang (50,05 – 54,53 %). Dari penilaian sifat-sifat kimia tanah maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kesuburan tanah di lokasi penelitian termasuk rendah. Faktor pembatas utama kesuburan tanah pada T1 adalah kadar C organik rendah serta P dan K pada semua lokasi, sehingga untuk memperbaiki kesuburan tanah perlu dikombinasikan penggunaan pupuk organik dan anorganik.
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Referensi
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Bader, B.R., Taban, S.K., Fahmi, A.H., Abood, M.A. & Hamdi, G.J. (2021). Potassium availability in soil amended with organic matter and phosphorous fertiliser under water stress during maize (Zea mays L) growth. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 20(6), 390–394. doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2021.04.006
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Barrow, N.J. and Hartemink, A.E. (2023). The effects of pH on nutrient availability depend on both soils and plants. Plant Soil 487, 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-05960-5
Bi, X., Chu, H, Fu, M., Xu, D., Zhao, W., Zhong, Y., Wang, M., Li, K. & Zhang, Y. (2023). Distribution characteristics of organic carbon (nitrogen) content, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area in different soil particle sizes. Sci Rep 13, 12242. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38646-0
Boling A.A., Tuong, T.P., Suganda, H., Konboon, Y., Harnpichitvitaya, D., Bouman, B.A.M. & Franco, D.T. (2008). The effect of toposequence position on soil properties, hydrology, and yield of rainfed lowland rice in Southeast Asia. Field Crops Research. 106 (2008) 22–33. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2007.10.013
Brucker, E., Kernchen, S., & Spohn, M. (2020). Release of phosphorus and silicon from minerals by soil microorganisms depends on the availability of organic carbon. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 107737. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107737.
Collignon, C.; Calvaruso, C.; Turpault, M.P. Temporal dynamics of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg in acidic bulk soil and rhizosphere under Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands. Plant Soil 2011, 349, 355–366.
Das, S., Liptzin, D. & Maharjan, B. (2023). Long-term manure application improves soil health and stabilizes carbon in continuous maize production system. Geoderma, 430, 116338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116338
Fauziah, E. (2015). Prospek Pengembangan Pala (Myristica Fragrans) Di Hutan Rakyat, Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 9(1): 32-39. doi.org/:10.22146/jik.10182.
Feng, X., Liu, C., Li, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, J. and Meng, Q. (2024) The Long-Term Effect of Cattle Manure Application on Soil P Availability and P Fractions in Saline-Sodic Soils in the Songnen Plain of China. Agronomy 2024, 14(12), 3059; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14123059
Ghiri, M.D., Abtahi, A., Karimian, N., Owliaei, H.R. & Khormali, F. (2011). Kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium release as a function of clay mineralogy and soil taxonomy in calcareous soils of southern Iran. Journal Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. V0l. 57 (4): 343 - 363.
Goulding, K. et al. (2021). Outputs: Potassium Losses from Agricultural Systems. In: Murrell, T.S., Mikkelsen, R.L., Sulewski, G., Norton, R., Thompson, M.L. (eds) Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_3
Heindel, R.C., Lyons, W.B., Welch, S.A., Spickard, A.M. & Virginia, R.A. (2018). Biogeochemical weathering of soil apatite grains in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Geoderma (320): 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.01.027
Khadka, D., Lamichhane, S., Khan, S., Joshi, S., & Pant, B.B. (2016). Assessment of soil fertility status of Agriculture Research Station, Belachapi, Dhanusha, Nepal. Journal of Maize Research and Development, 2(1): 43-57, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16214
Khan, F., Siddique, A. B., Shabala, S., Zhou, M. & Zhao, C. (2023). Phosphorus Plays Key Roles in Regulating Plants’ Physiological Responses to Abiotic Stresses. Plants, 12 (15): 2861. doi: 10.3390/plants12152861
Luo, X.X.; Liu, G.C.; Xia, Y.; Chen, L.; Jiang, Z.X.; Zheng, H.; Wang, Z.Y. Use of biochar-compost to improve properties and productivity of the degraded coastal soil in the Yellow River Delta, China. J. Soils Sediments 2017, 17, 780–789.
McGrath, J.M., Spargo, J. & Penn. C.J. (2014). Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition. Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, 166-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52512-3.00249-7
Mutammimah, U., Minardi, S. & Suntoro. (2020). Organic amendments effect on the soil chemical properties of marginal land and soybean yield. J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage. 7(4): 2263-2268, doi: 10.15243/jdmlm. 2020.074.2263
Oosterhuis, D., Loka, D., Kawakami, E., & Pettigrew, W. (2014). The physiology of potassium in crop production. Adv. Agron. 126, 203–234. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800132-5.00003-1
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. & Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available P in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA cir.No 939
Osman, K.T. (2012). Soils: Principles, Properties and Management. Springer, Netherlands.
Pan, J., Yang, F., Yang, W., Zhang, M., He, S. and Li, Z. (2024). Fertilizers and Manures Enhance the Bioavailability of Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Karst Grassland. Agronomy 2024, 14(7), 1429; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071429
Pusat Penelitian Tanah. (1995. Petunjuk Teknis Evaluasi Kesuburan Tanah. Laporan Teknis No.14. Versi 1,0.1. REP II Project, CSAR, Bogor
Ramos, F.T., Dores, E.F.C., Weber, O.L.S., Beber, D.C., Campelo, J.H. & Maia, J.C.S. (2018). Soil organic matter doubles the cation exchange capacity of tropical soil under no-till farming in Brazil. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(9), 3595–3602. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8881
Ranjan, R., Jha, A., Ramu, N. & Nain, A.S. (2015). Soil organic carbon estimation using remote sensing in Tarai Region of Uttarakhand. Annuals of Plant and Soil Research 17:361-364.
Shen, Y., Ma, Z., Chen, H., Lin, H., Li, G., Li, M., Tan, D., Gao, W., Jiao, S., Liu, P., Song, X. & Chang, S. (2023). Effects of macromolecular organic acids on reducing inorganic phosphorus fixation in soil. Heliyon, 9 (4), e14892. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14892
Solly. E.F., Weber, V., Zimmermann, S., Walthert, L., Hagedorn, F. & Schmidt, M.W.I. (2020). A Critical Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Effective Cation Exchange Capacity and Soil Organic Carbon Content in Swiss Forest Soils. Front. For. Glob. Sec. Forest Soils, 3 – 2020. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2020.00098
Suryani, I.I., Astuti, J. & Muchlisah, N. (2022). Kajian Sifat Fisika Kimia Tanah Inceptisol di Berbagai Kelerengan dan Kedalaman Tanah pada Areal Pertanaman Kakao. Jurnal Galung Tropika, 11 (3): 275 – 282. doi:10.31850/jgt.v11i3.1014
Taiwo, A.A., Adetunji, M.T., Azeez, J.O. (2018). Kinetics of potassium release and fixation in some soils of Ogun State, Southwestern, Nigeria as influenced by organic manure. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 7, 251–259 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-018-0211-0
Yuwino, T. dan Masyhuri., (2016). Pengantar Ilmu Pertanian. Cetakan II, Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. 354 hal.
Wang, F. L. & Huang, P.M. (2001). Effects of organic matter on the rate of potassium adsorption by soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 81(3), 325–330. doi:10.4141/s00-069
Walkely, A., & Black, C.A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organik matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37, 29–38
Wattimena, A.Y. (2018). Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Npk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Pala (Myristica fragran Houtt) J. Agriment, 3 (1); 42-46. https://e-journal.politanisamarinda.ac.id/index.php/jurnalagriment/article/view/388
White, P. J., & Karley, A.J. (2010). Potassium Cell Biology of Metals and Nutrients. Berlin: Springer, 199–224.
Xu, X., Du, X., Wang, F., Sha, J., Chen, Q., Tian, G., Zhu, Z., Ge, S., and Jiang, Y. (2020). Effects of Potassium Levels on Plant Growth, Accumulation and Distribution of Carbon, and Nitrate Metabolism in Apple Dwarf Rootstock Seedlings. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00904
Angelova, V.R., Akova, V.I., Artinova, N.S. & Ivanov, K.I. (2013). The Effect of Organic Amendments on Soil Chemical Characteristics. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 19 (5): 958-971
Bader, B.R., Taban, S.K., Fahmi, A.H., Abood, M.A. & Hamdi, G.J. (2021). Potassium availability in soil amended with organic matter and phosphorous fertiliser under water stress during maize (Zea mays L) growth. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 20(6), 390–394. doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2021.04.006
Bai, Z., Caspari, T., Gonzalez, M.R., Batjes, N.H., Mäder, P., Bünemann, E.K., de Goede, R., Brussaard, L., Xu, M., Ferreira, C.S.S., Reintam, E., Fan, H., Miheličh, R., Glavan, M. & Tóth, Z. (2018). Effects of agricultural management practices on soil quality: A review of long-term experiments for Europe and China. Agriculture, Ecosistems and Environment. (265) 1-7. doi.:10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.028
Badan Pusat Statistik, (2020). Statistik Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional Tahun 2020-2022 http://www.bps.go.id [5 Februari 2023]
Badan Pusat Statistik, (2022). Kabupaten Buton Utara dalam Angka. http://www.bps.go.id [18 Januari 2023].
Badan Pusat Statistik, (2024). Statistik Terkini Ekonomi Pertanian Februari 2024. https://satudata-pertanian-go-id.webpkgcache.com/doc/-/satudata.pertanian.go.id/assets/docs
Bache, B. (2008). Base Saturation. In: Chesworth, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Soil Science. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_50
Barrow, N.J. and Hartemink, A.E. (2023). The effects of pH on nutrient availability depend on both soils and plants. Plant Soil 487, 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-05960-5
Bi, X., Chu, H, Fu, M., Xu, D., Zhao, W., Zhong, Y., Wang, M., Li, K. & Zhang, Y. (2023). Distribution characteristics of organic carbon (nitrogen) content, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area in different soil particle sizes. Sci Rep 13, 12242. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38646-0
Boling A.A., Tuong, T.P., Suganda, H., Konboon, Y., Harnpichitvitaya, D., Bouman, B.A.M. & Franco, D.T. (2008). The effect of toposequence position on soil properties, hydrology, and yield of rainfed lowland rice in Southeast Asia. Field Crops Research. 106 (2008) 22–33. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2007.10.013
Brucker, E., Kernchen, S., & Spohn, M. (2020). Release of phosphorus and silicon from minerals by soil microorganisms depends on the availability of organic carbon. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 107737. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107737.
Collignon, C.; Calvaruso, C.; Turpault, M.P. Temporal dynamics of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg in acidic bulk soil and rhizosphere under Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands. Plant Soil 2011, 349, 355–366.
Das, S., Liptzin, D. & Maharjan, B. (2023). Long-term manure application improves soil health and stabilizes carbon in continuous maize production system. Geoderma, 430, 116338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116338
Fauziah, E. (2015). Prospek Pengembangan Pala (Myristica Fragrans) Di Hutan Rakyat, Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 9(1): 32-39. doi.org/:10.22146/jik.10182.
Feng, X., Liu, C., Li, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, J. and Meng, Q. (2024) The Long-Term Effect of Cattle Manure Application on Soil P Availability and P Fractions in Saline-Sodic Soils in the Songnen Plain of China. Agronomy 2024, 14(12), 3059; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14123059
Ghiri, M.D., Abtahi, A., Karimian, N., Owliaei, H.R. & Khormali, F. (2011). Kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium release as a function of clay mineralogy and soil taxonomy in calcareous soils of southern Iran. Journal Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. V0l. 57 (4): 343 - 363.
Goulding, K. et al. (2021). Outputs: Potassium Losses from Agricultural Systems. In: Murrell, T.S., Mikkelsen, R.L., Sulewski, G., Norton, R., Thompson, M.L. (eds) Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_3
Heindel, R.C., Lyons, W.B., Welch, S.A., Spickard, A.M. & Virginia, R.A. (2018). Biogeochemical weathering of soil apatite grains in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Geoderma (320): 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.01.027
Khadka, D., Lamichhane, S., Khan, S., Joshi, S., & Pant, B.B. (2016). Assessment of soil fertility status of Agriculture Research Station, Belachapi, Dhanusha, Nepal. Journal of Maize Research and Development, 2(1): 43-57, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16214
Khan, F., Siddique, A. B., Shabala, S., Zhou, M. & Zhao, C. (2023). Phosphorus Plays Key Roles in Regulating Plants’ Physiological Responses to Abiotic Stresses. Plants, 12 (15): 2861. doi: 10.3390/plants12152861
Luo, X.X.; Liu, G.C.; Xia, Y.; Chen, L.; Jiang, Z.X.; Zheng, H.; Wang, Z.Y. Use of biochar-compost to improve properties and productivity of the degraded coastal soil in the Yellow River Delta, China. J. Soils Sediments 2017, 17, 780–789.
McGrath, J.M., Spargo, J. & Penn. C.J. (2014). Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition. Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, 166-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52512-3.00249-7
Mutammimah, U., Minardi, S. & Suntoro. (2020). Organic amendments effect on the soil chemical properties of marginal land and soybean yield. J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage. 7(4): 2263-2268, doi: 10.15243/jdmlm. 2020.074.2263
Oosterhuis, D., Loka, D., Kawakami, E., & Pettigrew, W. (2014). The physiology of potassium in crop production. Adv. Agron. 126, 203–234. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800132-5.00003-1
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. & Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available P in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA cir.No 939
Osman, K.T. (2012). Soils: Principles, Properties and Management. Springer, Netherlands.
Pan, J., Yang, F., Yang, W., Zhang, M., He, S. and Li, Z. (2024). Fertilizers and Manures Enhance the Bioavailability of Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Karst Grassland. Agronomy 2024, 14(7), 1429; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071429
Pusat Penelitian Tanah. (1995. Petunjuk Teknis Evaluasi Kesuburan Tanah. Laporan Teknis No.14. Versi 1,0.1. REP II Project, CSAR, Bogor
Ramos, F.T., Dores, E.F.C., Weber, O.L.S., Beber, D.C., Campelo, J.H. & Maia, J.C.S. (2018). Soil organic matter doubles the cation exchange capacity of tropical soil under no-till farming in Brazil. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(9), 3595–3602. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8881
Ranjan, R., Jha, A., Ramu, N. & Nain, A.S. (2015). Soil organic carbon estimation using remote sensing in Tarai Region of Uttarakhand. Annuals of Plant and Soil Research 17:361-364.
Shen, Y., Ma, Z., Chen, H., Lin, H., Li, G., Li, M., Tan, D., Gao, W., Jiao, S., Liu, P., Song, X. & Chang, S. (2023). Effects of macromolecular organic acids on reducing inorganic phosphorus fixation in soil. Heliyon, 9 (4), e14892. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14892
Solly. E.F., Weber, V., Zimmermann, S., Walthert, L., Hagedorn, F. & Schmidt, M.W.I. (2020). A Critical Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Effective Cation Exchange Capacity and Soil Organic Carbon Content in Swiss Forest Soils. Front. For. Glob. Sec. Forest Soils, 3 – 2020. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2020.00098
Suryani, I.I., Astuti, J. & Muchlisah, N. (2022). Kajian Sifat Fisika Kimia Tanah Inceptisol di Berbagai Kelerengan dan Kedalaman Tanah pada Areal Pertanaman Kakao. Jurnal Galung Tropika, 11 (3): 275 – 282. doi:10.31850/jgt.v11i3.1014
Taiwo, A.A., Adetunji, M.T., Azeez, J.O. (2018). Kinetics of potassium release and fixation in some soils of Ogun State, Southwestern, Nigeria as influenced by organic manure. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 7, 251–259 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-018-0211-0
Yuwino, T. dan Masyhuri., (2016). Pengantar Ilmu Pertanian. Cetakan II, Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. 354 hal.
Wang, F. L. & Huang, P.M. (2001). Effects of organic matter on the rate of potassium adsorption by soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 81(3), 325–330. doi:10.4141/s00-069
Walkely, A., & Black, C.A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organik matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37, 29–38
Wattimena, A.Y. (2018). Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Npk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Pala (Myristica fragran Houtt) J. Agriment, 3 (1); 42-46. https://e-journal.politanisamarinda.ac.id/index.php/jurnalagriment/article/view/388
White, P. J., & Karley, A.J. (2010). Potassium Cell Biology of Metals and Nutrients. Berlin: Springer, 199–224.
Xu, X., Du, X., Wang, F., Sha, J., Chen, Q., Tian, G., Zhu, Z., Ge, S., and Jiang, Y. (2020). Effects of Potassium Levels on Plant Growth, Accumulation and Distribution of Carbon, and Nitrate Metabolism in Apple Dwarf Rootstock Seedlings. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00904
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2025-12-22
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Suleman, D., Yusuf, D. N., & Setiawan, A. (2025). Analisis Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Status Kesuburan Tanah Pada Perkebunan Pala di Kecamatan Wakorumba Utara Kabupaten Buton Utara. AGRORADIX : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 9(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.52166/agroteknologi.v9i1.9577
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